Non-Nuclear Submarines    

  

     Diesel-electric submarines that harmonically blended with the system of submarine forces of the USSR and Russia occupy a special place among enterprise’s designs.

   Diesel-Electric Submarines of Project 877

     The design of diesel-electric submarines of the first after the World War II generation (Projects 613 (Whiskey), 611 (Zulu), 641 (Foxtrot) was based on the abundant experience gained by designers during construction of such submarines before and during the war as well as on studies of diesel-electric submarine combat operations on all theatres of naval operations.

     On the basis of these projects powerful ocean-going submarines of the second generation of Project 641B (Tango) were developed later.

     Creation of the third generation submarine of Project 877 with full electric propulsion, hydrodynamically perfect hull architecture, high sea-going abilities, state-of-the-art sonar equipment and weapons, reasonable degree of automation became a step forward. The best low-noise characteristics of DES of Project 877 allowed the Western specialists to give her a specific characteristic because of the difficulty of her detection by sonar means - “A Black Hole in the Ocean”.

     Long-range endurance cruises to the Indian and Pacific Oceans proved the reliability and excellent habitability conditions for the personnel onboard submarines of project 877. Submarines of this project possess considerable reserve for modification that allows the designers to introduce new equipment, armament and weapon including missile weapon on the submarine. That is why submarines of Project 877 will remain in service within the Russian Navy.

Export Submarines

     Kilo Class   

   Diesel-Electric Submarines of Project 877E and 877EKM

     A submarine of Project 877 embodies one of the most successful series in non-nuclear submarine shipbuilding of the end of the XX century. Export modifications - projects 877E and 877EKM - were designed based on this submarine. The most advance engineering solutions of that time and available experience of operation of export modifications of submarines of Project 641 (Foxtrot) (I641, I641K) in various regions of the World ocean were implemented in these submarines.

     The major special features of this submarine are:

  • low noise;
  • perfect hull architecture;
  • reasonable degree of automation of all submarine control processes;
  • powerful mine and torpedo automated weapons;
  • good conditions of habitability for the crew;
  • easiness of maintenance.


     After comprehensive tests of the lead submarines the first combat submarines were delivered to Navies of Poland and India in April 1986.

     During a number of years the high degree of reliability of equipment, systems, complexes, weapons and provision of spare parts was demonstrated. All this factors allow the crew of any submarine to fulfil with confidence their tasks during endurance sailing.

     Submarines of this project have adequate modification reserve that allowed designers integrating a new weapon and armament on her during a scheduled repair. The priority direction of modification is the provision of combat efficiency exceeding that of foreign analogues. To reach this goal the following is installed onboard these submarines:

  • state-of-the-art cruise missile complex allowing considerable expansion of the effective zone;
  • new inertial navigation complex with long-term storage of navigational parameters without corrections providing issue of required information to the missile complex in submerged condition;
  • new automated information and control system including the missile weapon control sub-system and ensuring solution of the commanding officer’s tasks, issue of target indication data and control data for missile and torpedo weapon and torpedo tubes.

     Introducing into inventory the cruise missile complex permits to increase considerably the probability of target hitting targets and increases the combat stability of the submarine during enemy’s response, increases the degree of the submarine safety during actions in coastal waters.

     The lead submarine of the modified project 877EKM with missile complex “Club-S” was built at FSUE “Admiralty Shipyards” (St.Petersburg) and successfully passed all tests and trials and was handed over to the Customer in 2000.

Tactical and Technical Elements of the Submarine of Project 877EKM

Number of torpedo tubes, pc. 6

Missile, torpedo and mine ammunition, pcs /caliber, mm
4/18/24

533
Normal displacement, m3 2300
Principal dimensions, m:
- length 72,6
- breadth 9,9
Full submerged speed, kts 17
Cruising range with overload fuel capacity while snorkelling at economic speed of 7 knots, miles 6000
Submerged range at economic speed, miles 400
Maximum diving depth, m 300
Endurance, days 45
Crew, person 52

   Diesel-Electric Submarines of Project 636

     The submarine of project 636 is the further development of a well-known submarine of Project 877EKM.

     While designing a submarine of Project 636 for export purposes the multiyear experience of operation and combat use of submarines of Project I641K and Project 877EKM, nowadays operated by Navies of a number of countries, in different regions and climatic conditions of the World ocean was analysed and taken into account.

     CDB ME “Rubin” fulfilled the modification design of Project 636 submarine and construction of such submarines is carried out at a number of Russian shipbuilding enterprises according to workshop drawings of CDB ME “Rubin”.

     Preserving all advantages of her predecessor the submarine of Project 636 is distinguished by the following parameters:

  • diesel-generator output;
  • full submerged speed;
  • cruising range while snorkelling;
  • underwater noise level.

     The Project 636 submarine combat efficiency considerably increases during modification due to anti-ship missile complex “Club-S” in combination with new advanced complexes of electronic armament ensuring utilisation of the complex.

     The reduction of the underwater noise level of a submarine of Project 636 as compared to the submarine of project 877EKM ensures guaranteed advance detection and possibility of attacking enemy’s ships from a large distance using anti-ship cruise missiles and provides the possibility of timely avoidance of enemy’s ships.

     More efficient ventilation and air conditioning systems are designed for the submarine operation in different regions of the World Ocean and provide comfortable habitability conditions for the submarine crew.

Submarine of Project 636. Sectional View

Tactical and Technical Elements of the Submarine of Project 636

Number of torpedo tubes, pc. 6
Missile, torpedo and mine ammunition, pcs /caliber, mm
4*/18/24
533
Normal displacement, m3 2350
Principal dimensions, m:
- length 73,8
- breadth 9,9
Full submerged speed, kts 20
Cruising range with overload fuel capacity while snorkelling at economic speed of 7 knots, miles 7500
Submerged range at economic speed, miles 400
Maximum diving depth, m 300
Endurance, days 45
Crew, person 52
* Number of missiles can be increased.

     Amur Class   

   Non-Nuclear Submarines of Amur 1650 and Amur 950

     On the basis of the long-term experience of operating diesel-electric submarines of projects 613 ("Whiskey"), 641 ("Foxtrot"), 641Á ("Tango"), class “Kilo” by Russian Navy and navies of other states in different areas of the world ocean CDB ME “Rubin has developed the submarines of the 4th generation of the class “Amur” (“Amur 1650” and “Amur 950”).

     The principle feature of “Amur” class submarine is the capability of striking salvo missile blows at different targets. The sonar signature level of the submarines of this class is several times less in comparison with “Kilo” class submarines which are considered at present the most silent in the world. The submarines of “Àìóð” class are equipped with radio-electronic weapons of the new generation created on the basis of the latest achievements in the field of radio-electronics. The provision is made for the outfitting of the submarines of this class with AIP on the basis of fuel cells thus permitting to increase considerably the submerged endurance and cruise range. Such plant with the stock of reagents is located in the special compartment-module which can be incorporated into the submarine during construction or in the course of repairs or modernization.

     The submarines of “Amur” class can operate in all areas of the World Ocean except the areas with solid ice cover, in all weather conditions, in shallow and deep water areas.

     In the course of creating "Amur" class submarines the equipment and weapons of Russian as well as of the customer-country production , or the equipment of the 3d countries can be used.


Submarine Amur 1650. Sectional View.

Main control room of “Amur 1650” submarine

    The special feature of the submarine "Amur 950" is the arrangement of missiles in vertical launchers and its readiness to be used fast, including salvo firing. The ammunition of the “Amur 950” submarine consists of:

  • 10 vertical missile containers with cruise missiles: anti-ship missiles 3Ì-54E1 and/or missiles 3Ì-14E against land targets; missile launchers are of universal type;
  • 4 torpedo tubes with universal torpedoes (plus 2 extra torpedoes) providing the capability to attack submarine targets or surface targets from close range.

    The submarine "Amur 950" is capable of striking massive missile blow in salvo of up to 10 missiles during not more than 2 minutes. For self-defense the small size sonar decoys are provided located in the launchers in the submarine superstructure. As a result, during patrol the submarine can perform efficiently any combat task.

    The submarines of "Amur" class are equipped with the latest integrated combat system and have excellent living conditions for the crew.


Submarine Amur 950. Sectional View.


Main control room of “Amur 950” submarine.

Description

Amur 1650

Amur 950
Number of torpedo tubes, pcs.

6

4
Number of vertical missile launchers, pcs

-

10
Missile, torpedo and amine ammunition, pcs. (calibre, mm)

18 (533)

16 (533)
Normal displacement, m3

1765

1150
Overall dimensions, m
- length 66,8 58.8
- width

7,1

5,65
Full underwater speed, kts

21

20
Submerged range at economical cruising speed of 3-4 knots, miles

650

350
Range of cruise in snorkel mode at speed of 7 knots, mile 6000 3000
Maximum diving depth, m

300

300
Endurance, days

45

30
Crew, men

35

18
  

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